We have all experienced that irresistible craving for a crunchy, salty or sweet snack, propelling us to grab a bag of chips or dip into the cookie jar. While these treats might temporarily lift our mood and energy, they can wreak havoc on our hormones. Ultra-processed food (UPF) has gained significant attention for hormonal disruptions, especially in women. A study published last year in Frontiers in Nutrition noted that adolescent girls were also particularly susceptible to hormonal imbalances when their diet was high in UPF.

Snack favorites such as potato chips or cupcakes are not the only culprits. A 2021 French study published in the Journal of Nutrition reported that UPF accounted for 37 percent or more of the energy intake for vegetarians and vegans, mainly due to meat and dairy substitutes. Individuals transitioning to a non-meat diet tended to consume more ultra-processed meat substitutes and packaged foods compared to those that had long been vegetarian or vegan. Interestingly, the study also determined that non-meat eaters tended to consume more unprocessed foods and fewer fatty and sweet foods.

It is never too early or too late to make small, daily changes that can positively impact our well-being. “The real magic happens when we choose nourishment over numbness, when we eat in a way that sustains us, not just in the moment, but in the long run,” says Laura Peischl, a menopause health coach and hormone specialist with certifications in functional medicine and integrative nutrition.

 

Decoding Cravings

Understanding the reasons behind our cravings can empower us to make healthier choices for our bodies. “Cravings for salty foods can signal cortisol imbalances, adrenal fatigue or mineral deficiencies,” explains Holly DeLong, a registered dietitian nutritionist specializing in functional medicine and founder of Food & Mood. “Cravings for sweets can stem from blood sugar imbalances, high cortisol levels and even low serotonin, our feel-good neurotransmitter. Cravings for crunchy foods can be associated with repressed anger, iron deficiency or insufficient fiber in the diet.”

Hormonal imbalances can have far-reaching effects beyond estrogen and progesterone. Mindy Pelz, a women’s health specialist and the author of Eat Like a Girl, sheds light on the bigger picture. “If your adrenals become burned out from constantly making cortisol, your body will also have trouble regulating estrogen and progesterone. That affects your sleep cycle and messes with melatonin, which changes your hunger levels through ghrelin and leptin. Basically, a single hormone imbalance can start a chain reaction that ends up sabotaging your overall well-being.”

Peischl, the author of Feel Good Menopause: The Essential Guide to Nutrition and Wellness, as well as the facilitator of a menopause support group on Facebook, reminds us that eating carb-heavy snacks without protein or fat can cause blood sugar spikes leading to a surge in insulin and cortisol, followed by a crash that leaves us feeling tired, irritable and craving more sugar. In times of stress, the synergy of protein, fiber and healthy fat is important for maintaining systemic balance. Opt for an unsweetened yogurt parfait topped with cacao nibs and berries, or an easy-to-make almond butter energy ball as mindful and delicious choices.

For women challenged by infertility, irregular periods, premenstrual syndrome and post birth control syndrome, seed cycling is a growing trend that involves consuming flax and pumpkin seeds during the first half of the menstrual cycle and sunflower and sesame seeds during the second half to promote a healthy balance of estrogen and progesterone levels. These seeds are rich in essential fatty acids and dietary zinc. Additional research is needed to substantiate the efficacy of this practice.

 

Picking Proteins, Ditching Sugar

Healthy proteins found in lean meats, organic soy, whey, unsalted nuts, nut butters, quinoa and nutritional yeast support a healthy gut microbiome, which plays a vital role in balanced hormones, insulin regulation and satiety. “Having protein alongside carbs also slows your absorption of carbohydrates, preventing craving-inducing blood sugar spikes,” explains Pelz. She also notes that protein contains the raw materials to build essential hormones, including tryptophan and tyrosine, the latter being a direct precursor to thyroid hormones. Pelz recommends grass-fed beef, wild salmon, tofu and quinoa as her preferred protein sources.

The sugar habit can incite higher insulin levels, causing insulin resistance, which increases the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome, Type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease. To overcome a sweet tooth, Pelz suggests taking a two-week sugar sabbatical (including maple syrup and honey) and replacing it with monk fruit, stevia or erythritol. For sweet treats, she prefers fiber-rich apples, kiwis and oranges.

According to Peischl, nuts, seeds, Greek yogurt and avocados can stabilize blood sugar and support neurotransmitter production. Sweet potatoes and lentils offer high-quality, complex carbohydrates and fiber. Noting that the liver plays a crucial role in processing and detoxifying excess hormones, she recommends a small smoothie with berries, flaxseeds and a teaspoon of spirulina for liver support.

DeLong proposes snacking on blood sugar-friendly chia seed pudding with berries, apples with yogurt and peanut butter dip, veggies and hummus, or whole grain crackers with guacamole. She also advises controlling portions. “Taking your time when eating anything and staying present and mindful can help prevent snacks from turning into meals,” she counsels.

 

Maya Whitman is a regular contributor to Natural Awakenings.

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