Great whales such as the humpback capture 33 tons of carbon annually each, according to the World Wildlife Fund. Their nutrient-rich waste supports other ocean species, making their protection essential for biodiversity and the planet.

McGill University, in Quebec, Canada, conducted research on humpback whales, published in Scientific Reports, noting that rising ocean temperatures are disrupting their migration patterns. After analyzing eight years of satellite tracking data of 42 humpback whales in the southeastern Pacific, the researchers discovered that the whales depend on local environmental cues and long-term memories to decide when to migrate.

Each year, they travel thousands of miles from Central American waters to Antarctica, aligning with the annual sea ice melt that triggers the krill bloom. The researchers are uncertain if humpback whales will continue this timely journey in a rapidly changing climate. Professor Virginie Millien, the study’s lead author, states, “We don't know how long they’ll be able to keep up. … At some point, their memory-based strategy may no longer work.”