A study in the journal Science examined the movement of plant species in Mesoamerican cloud forests, which span the mountain ranges of Mexico and Central America where warm Pacific air meets cooler Caribbean air. Despite occupying only 0.4 percent of Earth’s land, they are diverse ecosystems containing about 15 percent of all birds, mammals, amphibians and tree fern species.

Using satellite images and data from the Global Diversity Information Facility, scientists tracked plant movement in these forests. They discovered that plants have been moving up the mountains at a rate of six to nearly nine feet per year since 1979 due to rising temperatures. Scientists worry that these ecosystem changes could lead to biodiversity loss and changes in the water cycle. Without the storage and release of water by the cloud forests, downstream farms and drinking water could suffer negative impacts.