Often overlooked in fitness routines, the feet and ankles are essential to whole-body function, especially as we age. They support balance, proper posture, mobility and even circulatory and lymphatic flow. “The venous system does not have any capability to pump blood from the lower extremities to the heart and relies on our movements to assist the return of blood,” explains Kim Henderson, a chiropractic physician and the founder of Health Clarified, in Northbrook, Illinois. When we walk or exercise, our leg muscles—especially in the calves—contract and compress the deep veins, acting like a pump to force blood upward.

For older adults, runners or anyone focused on holistic health, strengthening and mobilizing the toes, feet and ankles can enhance cardiovascular support, reduce fall risk and restore lower body mechanics. Every year, more than 2 million people suffer from plantar fasciitis-related heel pain, one in four adults over 65 experience falls, and more than 2 million visit emergency rooms for sprained ankles. Simple, consistent exercises can enhance quality of life and prevent injuries at any age. Strong calves, flexible ankles and healthy fascia (connective tissue) make every step more stable.

 

Causes of Foot Instability

 

Overpronation is when the foot rolls excessively inward while walking or running, causing the arch to flatten and the ankle to angle inward, leading to potential pain in the feet, ankles, knees, hips, back and beyond. “We have seen chronic neck and shoulder pain be reduced, even eliminated, by supporting the arch,” notes Henderson, whose patients complete a series of exercises to strengthen the affected muscles.

According to Chicago-based fitness expert Stephanie Mansour, host of the PBS show Step It Up With Steph and a fitness contributor to The Today Show, foot instability and discomfort can have multiple causes, such as wearing ill-fitting shoes, overdoing activities without proper warm-up, ignoring pain, excessive barefoot walking, being overweight and medical conditions like diabetes. Listening to the body, rather than pushing through pain, and promptly addressing minor discomfort are paramount.

“Independence depends on functioning feet. That limp will lead to imbalances up into the knees, hips, spine and even shoulders,” underscores orthopedic and corrective exercise specialist Matt Hsu, founder of Upright Health, in California. The most common issue, he says, is a lack of dorsiflexion—the ability to pull the toes and forefoot toward the knee. “This throws off our gait and sets us up for Achilles tendon injuries, especially.” Hsu adds that bunions can also affect our ease of movement and suggests wearing shoes with wider toe boxes to prevent the condition.

 

Essential Exercises

 

To cultivate good balance, the National Institute on Aging recommends engaging in three sessions of balance exercises per week, including tai chi, yoga or standing on one foot for five to 10 repetitions per leg, holding each for 10 to 30 seconds. To loosen the arch and increase range of motion, the American Association of Retired Persons suggests rolling a small ball for one minute under each foot daily.

“Regular exercise can improve circulation, reduce stiffness and enhance proprioception, which is your body’s awareness of its position in space. This contributes to better overall mobility,” says Mansour, who recommends that the following four exercises be done three or four times a week. Aim for two to three sets of 10 to 15 repetitions for each foot.

Calf Raises: Using a wall or chair for support, slowly rise onto the balls of the feet, lifting the heels off the ground. Hold for a moment, then slowly lower back down. This strengthens calf muscles and the Achilles tendon.

Toe Curls With a Towel: Sit in a chair and place a flat towel under the feet. Keeping heels on the floor, curl the toes to grab the towel and raise it toward the body. Relax and repeat. This strengthens feet muscles and helps with arch support.

Ankle Circles: In a seated position, move each foot in circles, first clockwise and then counterclockwise. This improves flexibility, balance and range of motion, while also preventing stiffness and injury.

Toe Spread: While sitting or standing, try to spread all the toes apart as wide as possible. Hold for a few seconds, then relax and repeat. This creates a wider base for better balance during movement, strengthens foot muscles and combats bunions, hammertoes and plantar fasciitis.

Henderson recommends Heel Raises on Stairs: Stand on a step with both heels hanging over the edge. Slowly lift the heels, keeping the legs straight, while standing on the balls of the feet. Now lower the heels down past the level of the step as far as comfortable before repeating the upward movement again. Aim for two sets of 15 to 20 repetitions, four to five times per week.

Hsu suggests incorporating Tibial Raises: Lean back against a wall with feet 12 to 20 inches apart. Keeping heels down, gently lift the toes toward the shins, then lower them slowly. Repeat until reaching medium fatigue in the shin muscles. Do two sets. This strengthens shins and improves balance, knee support and ankle stability.

Before starting any routine, consult a health professional. Strive for consistency over intensity. Exercise should be a challenge, not cause pain.

 

Maya Whitman is a frequent writer for Natural Awakenings.

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